Showing posts with label Studio Ghibli. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Studio Ghibli. Show all posts

02 May 2011

The Borrower Arrietty (借りぐらしのアリエッティ, 2010)


The Borrower Arrietty won the Audience Award at Nippon Connection last night. Many snorts of derision were to be heard from some of the film critics at the after party who felt that it was just more of the same from Studio Ghibli. I think that many of them were hoping that Hiromasa Yonebayashi would push the envelope a little bit further in his first chance in the director’s role for a feature film.

I, on the other hand, was quite delighted with Arrietty. In fact, as a Mom, I highly recommend it. Longtime readers will know that I am a big fan of Studio Ghibli films and may have wondered why I have not yet reviewed Ponyo (Hayao Miyazaki, 2008). The reason is that my instinctive reaction to the film was a subjective one as a mother, rather than an objective one as a film critic. Yes, Ponyo has fantastic animation sequences – particularly of the waves – but as a mother there are elements to the storyline that remind me of things that upset me about how some children are raised in Japan. Ponyo is cute and appeals to small children, but there are some themes in the film that play on a Kindergarten child’s worst fear: the fear of being abandoned by their parents. My daughter was terrified by the wave sequences, and a huge part of it was that Sōsuke’s mother had left him and Ponyo to take care of themselves.
The garden sequences were beautifully animated.

Arrietty, on the other hand, is a return to the older pre-adolescent girl type that we are familiar like Satsuki in My Neighbour Totoro (Miyazaki, 1988), Kiki in Kiki’s Delivery Service (Miyazaki,1989) and Chihiro in Spirited Away (Miyazaki, 2001). Young Arrietty is lovely and confident and will inspire admiration in a young audience. The film is an adaptation of Mary Norton’s children’s novel The Borrowers (1952) about little people who live in the homes of big people ("Human Beans") and borrow things that they need for their day-to-day lives.

The Yonebashi adaptation keeps some of the elements of the lush English-style home and garden from such stories but transfers it to a modern-day Japanese setting. There are elements that cause some confusion as to time and place. For example, the old house has a old-fashioned rotary dial phone, yet the delivery man has a cell phone. Yet these quirky out-of-time elements adds to the quaintness of the locale: a setting that looks familiar yet fantastic all at the same time.
A doll house that young girls dream of having.

As usual, Studio Ghibli has paid meticulous attention to detail and the design of the little people’s home and the big people's doll house is truly a delight. The colours and the lushness of the garden are truly delightful. I particularly love the added touch of Arrietty’s positive relationship with insects – a common motif in Japanese animation. The character design has the Studio Ghibli “look” that we have come to know and love, and there are some wonderfully funny characters to give moments of levity amidst the drama.

I must admit that I am also a fan of Celtic music, so I found Cécile Corbel’s influence on the soundtrack quite pleasant. The best news for parents is that the film is 94 minutes, which is very reasonable for taking young children to the cinema. While I agree with my more cynical film critic colleagues that the film makes many “safe” choices so that it will do well commercially, I am optimistic that the success of Arrietty will give Yonebashi the confidence to spread his wings a little and show us his own individual artistic and creative potential. I am looking forward to taking my kids to see Arrietty when it comes to German theatres in June.

Nippon Connection 2011

© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2011


To order the DVD:

08 April 2011

Anime Adaptations of Kenji Miyazawa Stories and Poems

Night on the Galactic Railroad cameo in Summer Days With Coo (Keiichi Hara, 2007)
Kenji Miyazawa has been on my mind quite a lot of late. After watching  Isao Takahata’s adaptation of  Gauche the Cellist and hearing Keiichi Hara speak of his admiration for Miyazawa’s writing, I started seriously thinking about the relationship between Miyazawa and animation. As Ben Ettinger had written compelling about Miyazawa adaptations he enjoyed on Anipages back in 2009, I was not moved to write something myself until the weekend before last when some guests arrived at our home from Japan.

One of our guests was from Iwate and grew up near Miyazawa’s hometown of Hanamaki. As an omiyagi, Koji gave us a noren with the famous Miyazawa poem Ame ni mo Makezu (雨ニモマケズ) written on it. On the day of the great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, Koji was travelling south from Iwate and had a choice to make between taking the coastal route or the inland route. We are thankful that he took the inland route and thereby avoided being caught in the path of the tsunami that day. Reading it in the wake of this disaster, the poem Ame ni no Makezu (Be not defeated by the rain) reminds us that we should put others before ourselves and be empathic to the needs of others.
Our Miyazawa noren awaiting ironing and a pole on which to hang it.
With this in mind, I have written this post in honour of the people of Iwate and its sister prefectures in Tohoku. The news from Japan currently focuses almost entirely on the fears of nuclear fallout, but we should not forget that people are still suffering and in need of our assistance on the northeastern coast of Honshu. I urge my readers to give generously to the Japan Society’s Earthquake Relief Fund, which has pledged to ensure that 100% of funds raised will go directly to organizations helping those in need. In Germany, I am supporting Nippon Connection’s efforts in raising money for Japan via the Aktion Deutschland Hilft program (Stichwort: Nippon Connection hilft.)

Update 17 April 2011:  Iwate poet's work inspires many following Great East Japan Earthquake (Asahi Shimbun) 

Iwate has inspired many writers from Basho, who wrote about the region in Oku no Hosomichi (奥の細道) to the contemporary writer Jakucho Setouchi (formerly Harumi Setouchi) who was the chief priest at Tendaji Temple from 1987 to 2005. Miyazawa is Iwate’s most famous son, and the region’s culture and landscape influenced him greatly.

There have been many films and TV specials of his work – especially around 1996 and 2006 in honour of his 100th and 110th anniversaries of his birth. Most of these are animated. There are many reasons why Miyazawa’s work lends itself well to animation. He is particularly famous for his children’s stories and children’s literature is a popular source of inspiration for animators. The poetic nature of Miyazawa’s work also pairs well with animation – particularly the fantastic elements of his stories like the talking animals in Gauche the Cellist, the surrealism of The Restaurant of Many Orders, or the train travelling through Northern Cross and the Milky Way in Night on the Galactic Railroad.

The first three films on this list of animated adaptations of Kenji Miyazawa’s work are the three best in my opinion. All three won the Noburo Ofuji Award for their innovative animation techniques. The rest of the films/OVA/TV specials are listed in no particular order.

The Restaurant of Many Orders
(注文の多い料理店, Tadanari Okamoto/Kihachiro Kawamoto, 1991)
This adaptation of the short story of the same name was Okamoto’s final project before his death. His close friend Kawamoto finished the film as a tribute. The animation was designed to resemble copperplate engraving and its look was deeply influenced by the artistry of Reiko Okuyama.
Gauche the Cellist
(セロ弾きのゴーシュ, Isao Takahata, 1983)
Image and music are beautifully interwoven in this poetic adaptation of Miyazawa’s short story. One of the great masterpieces of the Oh! Production animators. Studio Ghibli released this film on DVD in 2006 for the 110th anniversary of Miyazawa’s birth. (Read more here)

Night on the Galactic Railroad
(銀河鉄道の夜, Gisaburo Sugii, 1985)
This ingenious adaptation of Miyazawa’s novel altered the story so that the main characters are depicted at anthropomorphic cats. Esperanto is used throughout the film in a nod to Miyazawa’s interest in the language.
The Night of Taneyamagahara
(種山ヶ原の夜, Kazuo Oga, 2006)
Based on the play of the same name by Miyazawa that he wrote for his students in 1924, this was background artist Kazuo Oga’s first time working as a director. Studio Ghilbi released this adaptation on DVD in 2006 for the 110th anniversary of the author’s birth.

Gauche the Cellist (セロ弾きのゴーシュ, Yoshitsugu Tanaka, 1949)
Gauche the Cellist (セロ弾きのゴーシュ, Kenjiro Morinaga, 1953)
Gauche the Cellist (セロ弾きのゴーシュ, Matsue Jinbo, 1963)

These three are rare shorts, which are only available in archives/libraries in Japan. Tanaka is famed as an animation pioneer for his silhouette animation Perrault the Chimney Sweep. Jinbo was a pioneer of puppet animation at Gakken and she went on to produce many well-loved anime TV series in the 1980s. Pictured here is the Morinaga adapation, which may actually be a puppet drama rather than an animation. Studio Nova has posted a photograph from the making of this short film.
Miyazawa Kenji Collection - The Acorns and the Wildcat
(宮沢賢治作品集 どんぐりと山猫, Toshio Hirata, 1988)
OAV of a children’s story by Miyazawa.
Matasaburo the Wind Imp
(aka Matasaburo of the Winds, 風の又三郎, Rintaro, 1988)
 OAV of a popular story by Miyazawa. A rare treat for fans of Rintaro.
The Life of Gusko Budori
(グスコーブドリの伝記, Ryutaro Nakamura, 1994)

Yukiwatari
(雪渡り, Setsuko Shibuichi, 1994)

Oppel and the Elephant (Part II of the Three Tales)
(新しい動画 3つのはなし-オッペルと象-, Keiko Kozone, 1960)

The Three Tales is famous as being the first domestic anime televised. It is an experimental anthology with parts 1 and 3 adapted from stories by Hirosuke Hamada and Mimei Ogawa.

Kenji's Trunk (賢治のトランク, 1996)

This is an omnibus of short films that includes The Twin Stars (双子の星, Ryutaro Nakamura), The Cat's Office (猫の事務所, Hiroshi Fukutomi), The Coat of a Glacier Mouse (氷河ねずみの毛皮, Setsuko Shibuichi). The omnibus was made as part of the celebrations surrounding the 100th anniversary of Miyazawa’s birth.

Allusions to Miyazawa in anime:

Pom Poko
(平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ, Isao Takahata, 1994)

In addition to being layered with references to Japanese fairy tales and legends, there are many references to Kenji Miyazawa in this animaton. Pictured above is the famous goblins’ parade where you can see a visual allusion to Night on the Galactic Railroad in the night sky. The twin girl spirits in Pom Poko come from Miyazawa’s children’s story Twin Stars (双子の星).

Galaxy Express 999
(銀河鉄道999, Rintaro, 1981)

The steam train running through the stars in Miyazawa’s novel Night on the Galactic Railroad inspired Leiji Matsumoto to write the original manga on which this anime adaptation was based.

Spring and Chaos: The Life Story of Kenji Miyazawa
(イーハトーブ幻想〜Kenjiの春, Shoji Kawamori, 1996)
This TV anime special was produced to mark the 100th anniversary of Miyazawa’s birth. The Japanese title cites “Ihatov”, which is a famous fictional setting in Miyazawa’s books, while the North American title is derived from Miyazawa’s poetry collection Spring and Asura. Miyazawa and the other characters in the film are depicted as anthropomorphic cats in a nod to Sugii’s adapation of Night on the Galactic Railroad.


For more on many of these Miyazawa anime adaptations, head over to Anipages.

Update 17 May 2011: Recently discovered that Atsushi Wada has also done an adapation of a Miyazawa poem called Dancer of the Vermicular (蠕虫舞手, 2004).  Here's a screencap:


Update 7 July 2012:  
The Life of Gusko Budori


(グスコーブドリの伝記, Gisaburo Sugii, 2012)

© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2011
 

Gauche the Cellist (セロ弾きのゴーシュ, 1982)


The most euphoric moments I have ever felt when watching animation have come when it is paired beautifully with music. Examples that spring to mind are The Nutcracker Suite sequence in Fantasia (1940), Norman McLaren and Evelyn Lambart’s Begone Dull Care (1949), Len Lye’s Kaleidoscope (1935), Mirai Mizue’s Fantastic Cells (2001), and watching Lotte Reiniger’s The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) with its original Wolfgang Zeller score (I have not yet been lucky enough to hear it with the new Arun Ghosh score).

I can now add to this list Isao Takahata’s 63-minute adaptation of Kenji Miyazawa’s popular story Gauche the Cellist (セロ弾きのゴーシュ/Sero Hiki no Gōshu). Set in rural 1920s Japan, young Gauche (Goshu-kun), plays the cello in his local orchestra. The orchestra are rehearsing Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 for an upcoming competition. Beethoven famously loved taking walks in the countryside, and much of his music is inspired by the natural world. Symphony No. 6 is known as the Pastoral Symphony because of its close associations with nature.

In the opening scene of Gauche the Cellist, the orchestra are rehearsing fourth movement, “Gewitter, Sturm” (Thunderstorm, Storm) while a real storm rages outside the practice hall. At its climax, it turns into a kind of dream sequence with the musicians being swept away by the storm as they play. This dramatic sequence comes crashing to a halt when the conductor becomes displeased with Gauche’s playing. He berates him for being out of tune and lacking musicality and emotional depth.

Later, at home in his small cottage, Gauche follows the conductor’s advice to do better by staying up late to practise hard under the watchful eye of a rather stern-looking portrait of Beethoven. Over the course of several nights, he is visited by four animals: a cat, a cuckoo, a tanuki (raccoon dog), and a mouse with her sickly child. Each animal/spirit teaches Gauche something that will improve his performance.

Unlike in a Disney film, where a talking animal is greeted with delight and wonder, Gauche greets his visitors initially with annoyance and dismissiveness. He resents having his concentration interrupted and is perhaps suspicious of their motives. Such talking animals in Japanese culture are not just for the kawaii factor, but would be recognized by a Japanese audience as being spirits / supernatural creatures. Tanuki in particular are known for their shapeshifting abilities and can be mischievous, so Gauche’s ill-humour is not out of place.

Unlike most anime directors, Isao Takahata (高畑 勲, b.1935) does not draw and did not work as an animator before becoming a director. As such, the distinctive look of Gauche the Cellist is due to the talented animators at Oh! Production. Two names that deserve particular mention are Shunji Saida (才田俊次, b. 1949), who influenced the look of the film greatly as not only the key animator and character designer but also the director of animation. Saida, who also did the key animation for Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984) and Grave of the Fireflies (1988), was so concerned with the accuracy of the film that he even took cello lessons in order to accurately draw the movement of Gauche’s fingers when playing.  Kenji Matsumoto (松本 健治) played an important role in conceiving  the background art which is for both exteriors and interiors beautifully rendered in the style of watercolour paintings. These backgrounds lend the film its moody atmosphere. Matsumoto has done background art for a wide variety of Toei Animation projects since the early 1970s. Read more about him at Anipages.

Gauche the Cellist won the Noburo Ofuji Award for 1982. The story had already been adapted as animation at least twice. Shorts were made by Yoshitsugu Tanaka for Nippon Eiga in 1949 and Matsue Jinbo for Gakken in 1963. I have not been able to track down any images from these two films, but it seems likely that the Jinbo piece was done with puppets. I have also heard that Kenjiro Morinaga directed a puppet drama of Gauche the Cellist in 1953 but information about this film is also scarce online. Studio Nova has posted this photograph from the making of this adaptation.

Considering the popularity of Studio Ghilbi, I was surprised to discover that Takahata’s Gauche the Cellist is not widely available on DVD outside of Japan. It is currently out of print in not just in North America and the UK, but also France and Germany. The Japanese release is worth every yen. It not only has decent English subtitles, but it also has lots of extras on it. Unfortunately for non-Japanese speaking collectors, the extras are not all subtitled, but other than that it’s the usual high quality Studio Ghibli DVD with storyboards synched to the soundtrack on Disc 2.


© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2011

Cello Hiki no Goshu (Gauche the Cellist) / Animation
Cello Hiki no Goshu (Gauche the Cellist)

This review is part of Nishikata Film's 2011 Noburo Ofuji Award Challenge.

12 February 2011

The Animation Award at the Mainichi Film Concours


For reasons that I have been so far unable to deduce, the 65th annual Mainichi Film Concours last month declined to award a Noburo Ofuji Award for 2010. This is certainly not for want of talent. There were many alternative animated films released last year that embody the original aim of the award: to promote innovation in animation. Atsushi Wada’s film In a Pig’s Eye has been winning acclaim both at home and abroad and Keita Kurosaka’s Midori-ko would also have been a worthy winner.  They could have also given long overdue recognition to the work of Keiichi Tanaami and Nobuhiro Aihara by awarding the Noburo Ofuji to their latest collaboration Hannya Shingyo.

On the other hand, the Animation Award (アニメーション映画賞) did at least go to an animated film with a unique look: Keiichi Hara’s Colorful (カラフル, 2010). This is Hara's third time winning the prize. He first won it in 2002 for Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Battle of the Warring States.  He won it for a second time in 2007 for Summer Days with Coo.

The Animation Award (sometimes referred to in English as the Animation Grand Award – although the Japanese translates literally as the Animation Film Award) debuted in 1989, when it became apparent that the Noburo Ofuji Award was moving away from its roots in independent, alternative fare into the territory of mainstream anime. Hayao Miyazaki had just won the Noburo Ofuji for the fourth time with My Neighbour Totoro and it was looking like he was about to win again for Kiki’s Delivery Service (1989). The Mainichi Film Concours designed the Animation Award in order to honour feature film animation. The films that have won the award have usually been commercially successful but the main consideration is still the technical achievements of the animation.

Kiki’s Delivery Service did indeed win the Animation Award for 1989, but no Noburo Ofuji Award was given out that year. The Noburo Ofuji Award was also skipped in 1992, 1994, and 1997 – all years in which Studio Ghibli films won the Animation Award. In an interesting twist in 2001, Miyazaki won both the Noburo Ofuji for his short film The Whale Hunt, and the grand prize for Spirited Away. In 2008, Miyazaki again won the Noburo Ofuji for Ponyo, while the grand prize was awarded to The Sky Crawlers

Here are the winners of the Mainichi Concours's Animation Award:

1989 Hayao Miyazaki/Studio Ghibli
 Kiki's Delivery Service (魔女の宅急便/Majo no Takkyūbin, )

1990 Yasuo Maeda
Flight of the White Wolf 
(走れ!白いオオカミ/Hashire shiroi okami)

1991 Hiroyuki Kitakubo

1992 Hayao Miyazaki/ Studio Ghibli
 Porco Rosso (紅の豚/ Kurenai no Buta)

1993 Mamoru Oshii
(機動警察パトレイバー2/Kidō keisatsu patoreibā 2)

1994 Isao Takahata/Studio Ghibli
 Pom Poko (平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ/ Heisei Tanuki Gassen Ponpoko)

1995 Junichi Sato
Junkers Come Here (ユンカース・カム・ヒア)

1996 Osamu Dezaki/Fumihiro Yoshimura
 Black Jack (ブラック・ジャック)

1997 Hayao Miyazaki/Studio Ghibli
 Princess Mononoke (もののけ姫 /Mononoke Hime)

1998 Tsutomu Shibayama
 Doraemon: Nobita's South Sea Adventure 
(ドラえもんのび太の南海大冒険)

1999 Hiroyuki Okiura/Production I.G.
 Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade (人狼/ Jinrō)

2000 Ayumu Watanabe
 Doraemon: Mother’s Memories 
(ドラえもん おばあちゃんの思い出/ Doraemon: Obā-san no Omoide)

2001 Hayao Miyazaki/Studio Ghibli
Spirited Away (千と千尋の神隠し/ Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi)

2002 Keiichi Hara
Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Battle of the Warring States
(クレヨンしんちゃん 嵐を呼ぶアッパレ!戦国大合戦)

2003 Satoshi Kon/Madhouse
 Tokyo Godfathers (東京ゴッドファーザーズ)
Read Review

2004 Makoto Shinkai
 The Place Promised in Our Early Days
(雲のむこう、約束の場所/ Kumo no Mukō, Yakusoku no Basho)

2005 Seiji Mizushima/BONES
Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa
(劇場版 鋼の錬金術師 シャンバラを征く者)

2006 Mamoru Hosoda/Madhouse
(時をかける少女/ Toki o Kakeru Shōjo)

2007 Keiichi Hara
 Summer Days with Coo 
(河童のクゥと夏休み / Kappa no Kū to Natsuyasumi)
2008  Mamoru Oshii/Production I.G.
 The Sky Crawlers (スカイ•クロラ)

2009 Mamoru Hosoda/Madhouse
 Summer Wars (サマーウォーズ)

2010 Keiichi Hara
Colorful (カラフル)

Update February 2015: 

2011 Takashiro Omori
To the Forest of Firefly Lights(蛍火の杜へ)


2012 Mamoru Hosoda
Wolf Children (おおかみこどもの雨と雪)

2013 Isao Takahata

The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (かぐや姫の物語)

2014 Mizuho Nishikubo
Giovanni's Island (ジョバンニのしま)

Related Posts: