Showing posts with label NC2010. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NC2010. Show all posts

25 April 2010

Subs vs. Dubs: Part Four


Domenig then asked Michael Arias if Tekkon Kinkreet is a Japanese film. Arias claimed that he doesn’t really think about the Japaneseness of his films. With regards to the discussion that proceded this question, he says that he doesn’t feel comfortable addressing the issue of historical Japanese films as it’s not his area of knowledge. On the subject of subs vs. dubs, however, he does make a number of interesting points.
First, he describes his experience watching Steam Boy (Katsuhiro Otomo, 2004). This he found difficult to watch in Japanese because of its ‘tortured katakana’ because of all the foreign words and place names. The dub, which used ‘the Queen’s English’ was a much more pleasant viewing experience.
Arias also tells the story of Stanley Kubrick firing the Japanese subtitler for Full Metal Jacket (1987) because her language wasn’t ‘dirty’ enough. Domenig and Asakawa are familiar with this story and say that it was the renowned Japanese translator Natsuko Toda. (The chapter “Loving Dubbing” in Abé Mark Nornes’ Cinema Babel: Translating Global Cinema describes what happened).
With regards to Tekkon Kinkreet, Arias describes the translation process that they had with their scripts. They started with the Japanese manga, which was adapted into an English screenplay, then translated back into Japanese for the production staff, and so on. At each phase of filmmaking the screenplay had to be retranslated. A lot of tweaking was done on the dub in the studio.

[Here my notes become a bit scattered – Arias made some kind of a point about the number of syllables (related to lip movement in animation) and meaning (what can be matched to the lip movement?) There was also a reference to a film that was literally translated by Natsuko Toda that Arias was watching, where the expression “to drop acid” was rendered in Japanese as if the person had literally dropped acid on the floor rather than taking LSD. Someone also mentioned the fact that Coppola always insisted on using Toda for the Japanese subtitles on his films. For my blog readers, I should mention here that people who do subtitles have a very different relationship with the public than they do in English speaking countries. Most people I know do not stay to the very end of the credits and make a mental note of who the subititler was. In Japan, subitilers like Toda are celebrities themselves with fan clubs]

Returning to the topic of Tekkon Kinkreet, Michael Arias admitted that the translator and producer may have been a bit frustrated by his imput into the English version. As a native speaker of English he was concerned that the nuance of the piece would survive the translation process.

Taguchi mentioned that his next project will be a collaboration with Alex Cox (Sid and Nancy, Straight to Hell, Mike Hama Private Detective) will apparently be the main actor in the film. [Listening to what Taguchi said and how the translator interpreted it, I was confused as to who was starring and who was directing – especially seeing as both men act and director. I haven’t been able to find out any more information on this film. Alex Cox’s website lists a screenplay written in 2003 called Kawasaki karas to gaki which will star Tomorowo Taguchi, but it isn’t listed on imdb – let me know in the comments section if you know more about this Taguchi-Cox project. Taguchi did of course star In Mike Hama Must Die! in 2002 which Cox directed.] Taguchi spoke of his desire to understand the relationship between the different releases of his films and to know what works well. He also voiced a desire to speak English better.

Roland Domenig spoke briefly about how in contrast to European film releases which prefer to dub into their own language to prevent the creep of English into their native tongues, the Japanese have historically preferred subtitled cinematic released that preserve the “foreignness” of the films



Shikisoku Zeneration / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie

© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2010

Subs vs. Dubs: Part Three


For Part Two Click Here

Asakawa was then asked to share with us her three “No-Nos” when it comes to translation.

1. Don’t Create. You are not the director.
2. Essence vs. Re-Imagination. You need to understand the film, but the more you understand the film, the more your own flavour gets added to the translation and the original flavour is lost.
3. When pushed for a third point, she merely re-emphasized the importance in not turning into a director. The translator plays an important role in getting the director’s ideas across because other people involved in the promotion of the film (ie. publicists, marketing people) don’t speak enough English to understand the back and forth between the two languages

Asakawa teaches her translators to focus on the nucleus of the scene. Trying to fit everything into the subtitles will make them too cluttered and unreadable. She estimates that only 30% of the information can be shown on the screen. If the translator makes a mistake and misses what the real nucleus of the scene is it can ruin the whole film and cause the film to be misunderstood by the audience.

The choice of script (katakana, hiragana, kanji) can change how a film gets interpreted by an audience. For example, the word for medicine can be written in hiragana くすり(kusuri) or kanji 薬 (kusuri). If it’s written in hiragana, the audience will presume that it’s a bad or illegal drug, but if it’s written in kanji the audience will interpret it as a good drug. A television series like 24 starring Kiefer Sutherland is a particular challenge to subtitlers because there are so many different characters and themes. It becomes a totally different show when it’s dubbed as opposed to subbed.

Here Crispin Freeman interjected to say that the director of Cowboy Bebop actually said that he liked the English dub better than the Japanese version. The role of Spike had been good in the original, but in the English dub he came off sexier. It worked because it was a futuristic, American-influenced story. However, the dubbing of historical dramas gets complicated.

Domenig suggested that this was because historical dramas are “an imagined Japan of the past.” The old-fashioned sounded language used in historical dramas is a fake language used to express that time but it is historically inaccurate.

Click Here For Part Four

Shikisoku Zeneration / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie

Subs vs. Dubs: Part Two


For Part One, Click Here

Taguchi was asked if he had ever done any voice acting work for Japanese film or television. It turns out that he was given the opportunity of dubbing the voice of the Jazz Teacher for the Japanese version of South Park. He found it an interesting experience because it was the first time that he as an actor was not physically engaging in a role. He found working on South Park a fun experience.

Crispin Freeman what skills one needed to succeed as a voice actor. He responded that one needs “really good chops.” That means that one needs not only to have a good voice, but good timing, technique and precision. Then, one has to forget all about those things and put emotion into the character one is performing. That means that you have to be a good actor first, and not just have a good voice. One also needs to understand where the character is coming from. For example, a good voice actor needs to know that a samurai in not a cowboy.

Here Freeman shared an anecdote from when he was brought in to play the role of Prince Turnip (Kakashi no Kabu) in the dub of Howl’s Moving Castle (Hayao Miyazaki, 2004). The character is a boy who looks like a girl, yet is also a prince. As Freeman knew about bishōnen (美少年/beautiful youths) in Japanese culture, he was able to nail the role. It seems that Freeman often encounters dubbing producers who are ignorant of the cultural context of the anime they are dubbing. In the case of bishōnen, he was able to get a laugh out of the audience by explaining that the closest one comes to a bishōnen type in the States would be Orlando Bloom or Johnny Depp. One of the biggest challenges in playing bishōnen in English is not to make them too campy [he gave another example of a cross-dressing priest that he played, but I didn’t catch the reference apart from the fact that he had to avoid making it too much like “Mrs. Doubtfire”].




Howl's Moving Castle / Animation
Animation

© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2010

Subs vs. Dubs: Part One


The official title of this year’s Podium Discussion at Nippon Connection was “Lost in Translation? Japanese Film: Translation vs. Localisation.“ A very distinguished title, indeed, but I think if you asked most participants what is was about, the answer would be: “Subs vs. Dubs.” 
Tomorowo Taguchi, translator, Nami Asakawa, Dr. Roland Domenig

The panel was chaired ably once again by Dr. Roland Domenig of the Japanology department at the University of Vienna. Participants included actor and filmmaker Tomorowo Taguchi (Oh, My Buddha!, Tetsuo, the Iron Man), film subtitling expert Nami Asakawa (director of the Japan Visualmedia Translation Academy), voice actor Crispin Freeman (Itachi Uchiha in Naruto Shippūden, Hideki Motosuwa in Chobits, Prince Turnip in Howl’s Moving Castle), and director Michael Arias (Tekkon Kinkreet, Heaven’s Door).
 Dr. Roland Domenig, Crispin Freeman, Michael Arias

This is a write up of notes that I took by hand during the discussion, so it is not a transcript of the proceedings but a paraphrasing of what the participants said during the panel. I will indicate my own thoughts and comments by putting them in [square brackets].

 Dr. Domenig opened the discussion by asking the panel to share their opinions on the topic of Subs vs. Dubs. Michael Arias said that dubbing, particularly for animated films, is less distracting, however on the down side one loses the original performance. He added that the decision really rests upon the target market. He cited Miyazaki films as an example, saying that the audience doesn’t want to be distracted by subtitles. Young audiences, of course, need dubs, and it is fortunate that DVDs allow for both subs and dubs so that the audience to allow for more flexibility.

Nami Asakawa felt that cost and time were the key issues. After this, there are times when the producer and director want to preserve the ‘localisation’ of the film. In this case, subs are used so that the original flavour of the film does not get lost. The type of film is also taken into consideration when deciding whether or not to release the film cinematically with subs or dubs.
Michael Arias added that in contrast to American animation practice, where the voices are recorded before the animation is completed, dubbing does not put any constraints on the Japanese animator because they record the voices in post-production. A well done dub can improve the experience for the audience. Everything’s a compromise in filmmaking. You never get exactly what you want. Arias also said that he feels that a viewer must shift into a different state when reading subs. Although he was loathe to say so, he admitted that he even thinks a poor quality dub can be effective. 

[I found Arias’s contention that one must shift into a different state when reading subs very interesting, because that is not my own personal experience. As I have always been a quick reader, I barely even notice the subtitles except when they contain spelling mistakes or inaccurate translations. The only time I find reading subtitles laborious is when they are not in English – ie German or French, because I sometimes have to pause and run for my dictionary. I cannot stand watching films that are dubbed because I like to hear the nuances of the original performance. Even when it is a language that I do not understand, I feel that language imparts so many subtle things that make the performance unique.  On the other hand, I know people who won't even give subtitled films a chance and will just change the channel.]

Tomorowo Taguchi said that he agreed largely with the points that Asakawa had made about the reasons filmmakers choose subtitles or dubbing for their films. It really depends upon the film itself. Dubs and subs sometimes involve the translator’s different interpretation of a scene, but on the whole he enjoys the process.



Shikisoku Zeneration / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie

© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2010

24 April 2010

One Million Yen Girl (百万円と苦虫女, 2008)


Yuki Tanada’s film Ain’t No Tomorrows (Oretachi ni asu wa naissu, 2008), made a great impression on me at last year’s Nippon Connection (read review here), so my expectations were high for One Million Yen Girl (Hyakuman-en to Nigamushi Onna, 2008). I am delighted to report that Tanada did not disappoint.

Few young women could be as unlucky in life as poor Suzuko Satō (Yū Aoi of Honey and Clover, Tekkon Kinkreet), the main protagonist of One Million Yen Girl. In taking her first tentative steps of independence outside of her parents’ home, she finds herself swept up by forces that seem beyond her control. Suzuko’s inability to speak up for herself leads to her sharing an apartment with her friend’s dodgy boyfriend rather than the friend, but she does her best to put up with his strange behaviour. When he goes a step too far by destroying a stray kitten that she has rescued, Suzuko seeks revenge by throwing away all of his possessions.

This is only the beginning of Suzuko’s misfortunes, for her roommate claims that among his possessions was one million yen in cash, and Suzuko finds herself imprisoned for a short time for theft. When she returns to her parents’ home, Suzuko finds she cannot live with the neighbourhood gossiping about her, and fears particularly for the reputation of her beloved younger brother Takuya. Determined not to be a burden to her family, she sets out on a road trip of sorts across Japan.

Suzuko’s goal is to earn one million yen (approximately $10,000/€8,000) in each new destination and then move on. The figure one million yen not only matches the amount that she allegedly threw away, but it is also the practical amount that she needs to start up in a new location. Renting accommodation in Japan is a very pricey affair, with landlords demanding key money and other non-refundable fees, a deposit and sometimes several months rent in advance.

The road trip then unfolds as a kind of a journey of self-discovery for Suzuko. Her thoughts and impressions are shared with the audience through the device of voiceover narratives of the postcards she writes to her brother back home, who suffers at the hands of bullies and finds inspiration in his sister’s independent-mindedness. Suzuko first finds herself at the seaside where she discovers that she has a talent for making kaki-gōri (shaved ice flavoured with syrup). She seems to fit in well with the family who runs the beach hut where she works, but she arouses the interest of a young man at the beach who is attracted to her aloof manner. His persistent attempts to woo her coincide with her bank account reaching one million yen, and Suzuko packs her things and heads to the mountains.

In the mountains, she discovers a natural talent for peach-picking but inevitably finds that forces beyond her control are pulling her to play a certain role in the community. Once again, Suzuko’s inability to firmly speak up for herself leads to trouble and she leaves, a million yen richer,  to find work at an urban gardening center. Here she meets the handsome and charismatic Nakajima-san (played by Mirai Moriyama of Twentieth Century Boys) and finds herself dallying a little longer than before. The plot then concerns itself with the question of whether or not falling in love will end her journey or if she will move on again once she reaches one million yen.

As in Ain’t No Tomorrows, Yuki Tanada demonstrates her skill in bringing out believable performances from her young cast. Yū Aoi, with her winsome face and teenager slouch, plays Suzuko with great warmth and compassion. Tanada and cinematographer Kei Yasuda (Moon and Cherry, Loved Gun) compose beautiful long shots to show how Suzuko awkwardly stands in relation to others. Most of the film is composed of still, long takes, which contrast with the few scenes in which Suzuko is emotionally excited. Then the cinematography switches to handheld cameras to exaggerate Suzuko’s inner turmoil. 

Tanada does a wonderful job of balancing comedic moments and moments of reflection and personal sorrow and on the whole the pacing of the film is rather good. If I had been the editor, I might have suggested tightening up the last twenty minutes of the film a bit. The film does drag here, as though Tanada wasn’t certain as to how she wanted to end the film. There were at least two or three moments where the film could have ended but didn’t. Ultimately, while we all hope for a Hollywood ending for Suzuko, but the Japanese title suggests that the real question at the end of the film is whether or not her ‘nigamushi’ (sour-face) is replaced with a more cheerful expression.

Quibbles about the ending aside, One Million Yen Girl, is enjoyable viewing. I particularly like how the film explores issues about whether or not our lives are driven by our own desires or by forces beyond our control. The scenes at the seaside and in the mountains were particularly insightful into how an outsider becomes a part of a new community and the ensuing awkwardness of conflicting expectations of members of that community. I felt the film was well received by the Nippon Connection audience and I would recommend planning to go out for a coffee with friends after screening it so that you can debate your feelings about Suzuko’s decision-making (or lack of decision-making). It certainly made me feel a bit natsukashii (nostalgic) for that time in my own life.

Director & Screenwriter
Yuki TANADA
Cinematography
Kei YASUDA
Music
Eiko SUKURAI & Ko HIRANO
Cast
Suzuko Satō • Yū AOI
Ryōhei Nakajima • Mirai MORIYAMA
Haruo Fujii • Pierre TAKI
Yuuki • Terunosuke TAKEZAI
Takuya Satō • Ryūsei SAITŌ
Fujii Kuni • Sumie SASAKI

Films by Tanada available on DVD:

Hyakuman En to Nigamushi Onna / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie
Oretachi ni Asu wa Naissu / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie
Tsuki to Cherry / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie


© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2010

Dear Doctor (ディア・ドクター, 2009)


Miwa Nishikawa’s third feature film Dear Doctor (2009) takes on two challenging issues facing modern Japan: its rapidly aging population and the lack of young doctors taking up practice in the countryside. The rural community depicted in Dear Doctor has been fortunate enough to have Dr. Ino, a charismatic, well-loved doctor, for three years, but the film opens with his inexplicable disappearance. Has he been in an accident? Has he run away? Is he even a qualified doctor? A pair of city detectives arrive on the scene to unravel the mystery of Dr. Osamu Ino and discover that there are no simple answers to these questions.

Part-detective story, part-dramatic comedy, Miwa Nishikawa’s film is photographed beautifully by Katsumi Yanagijima (Zatoichi, Dolls). Yanagijima has captured the beauty of the Japanese countryside with its vibrant colour palette. The framing takes in the rolling hills of the countryside during outdoor scenes, and inside Yanagijima uses a lot of close ups to pick up the important visual clues which reveal important character information about Dr. Ino and how the other characters interact with him. The splendor of the cinematography and the unhurried tempo of the editing is complemented by the bluesy music of the band More Rhythm (モアリズムの).
Stellar cast: Kagawa, Yo, Yachigusa, Shōfukutei & Eita

Without a doubt the success of this film rests upon the stellar performances by the cast. Each character represents a well-known ‘type’ in small town Japan: the often drunk mayor with his delusions of grandeur, the young man from Tokyo (Eita of Nodame Cantabile and Toad's Oil fame) with an idealistic vision of what life in the countryside is like, the lonely elderly woman (Kaoru Yachigusa) who doesn’t want to become a burden to her children who have moved to the big city, and so on. While most of the attention focuses on what secrets the doctor may be hiding, in actuality all of the key characters has a facet of their character that they are trying to hide from others.

Tsurube Shōfukutei (Kabee: Our Mother), a noted rakugo performer and television personality, plays the conflicted lead role with great delicacy. Kimiko Yo (Departures), who plays his nurse assistant Ohtake, acts as a perfect comic foil for the doctor. The exchange of glances during home visits and emergency procedures speak volumes more than any of the dialogue. Ino’s character is further revealed through his relationship with his new intern Dr. Soma (Eita), and his complicated relationship with his beautiful elderly patient Torikai-san (Yachigusa). Rounding off this seasoned cast is Yutaka Mastuhige as the detective (he was hilarious in Talk Talk Talk which played at last year’s Nippon Connection), and Teruyuki Kagawa (Tokyo Sonata, Twentieth Century Boys) as the pharmacist.

In a light-hearted way, the film takes on the difficult questions of what makes a good doctor: technical ability or actually caring about the lives of their patients? Furthermore, what will happen to Japan’s rural communities if all the young people continue to abandon them for the city? In many ways, the film can be seen as a lament for a time when doctors did not simply treat patients as statistics in hospital beds but real people to whom they visit in their homes. It becomes clear during the course of the film that the villagers value Dr. Ino’s personality more than his credentials – a point which Chris MaGee of Jfilmpow-wow had trouble swallowing.

MaGee did his best during his extended stay in Germany to convince me that Dear Doctor was a terrible film, but I’m afraid his efforts were unsuccessful. While it is certainly not a masterpiece, Nishikawa has put together a solid dramatic comedy with beautiful cinematography and topnotch performances by the cast. Having started last Saturday with Yongi Yang’s heartbreaking documentary Son – the Other Myself (Sona, mo hitori no watashi, 2009), it was great to end my day with a light, charming comedy. It was a real crowd-pleaser with the Nippon Connection audience, and it is definitely a film I would watch again.


Director & Screenwriter
Cinematography
Katsumi Yanagijima
Music
More Rhythm
Cast
Dr. Osamu Ino • Tsurube Shōfukutei
Dr. Keisuke Soma • Eita
Masayoshi Saimon (pharmacist) • Teruyuki Kagawa
Nurse Akemi Ohtake • Kimiko Yo
Kaduko Torikai • Kaoru Yachigusa
Dr. Ritsuko Torikai • Haruka Igawa

Dear Docter (English Subtitles) / Japanese Movie
Japanese Movie

Dear Doctor Original Soundtrack / Soundtrack
Soundtrack
Warau Hana / more rhythm
more rhythm


© Catherine Munroe Hotes 2010